Dunkard Oil Co. - 1865 dated Pennsylvania Oil Stock Certificate
Inv# OS2001 Stock
Stock printed by Bryson & Son with 25 cents revenue stamp! Civil War era dated! Uncancelled and not negotiable. Green County, PA.
Dunkard Creek, a 36.9-mile-long stream, flows through Greene County, Pennsylvania, and Monongalia County, West Virginia. It passes near the towns of Mount Morris, Pennsylvania, and Blacksville, West Virginia. The creek empties into the Monongahela River northwest of Point Marion, Pennsylvania, approximately three miles north of the Pennsylvania-West Virginia border.
Mason-Dixon Historical Park, situated on the banks of Dunkard Creek, is a unique location. The park spans an area where the creek crosses the border three times within a short distance. Brown’s Hill, a prominent feature of the park, holds historical significance as the westernmost site from which Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon conducted astronomical observations during the original survey of the Pennsylvania-Maryland border in 1767.
The name “Dunkard Creek” pays homage to the Dunkard Brethren, a pacifist and nonconformist Christian group that settled in the region during the 18th century. These individuals practiced baptism by immersion, a practice rooted in the Pennsylvania German word “dunke,” meaning “to immerse,” and the term “dunker” referring to those who engage in this practice.
In September 2009, Dunkard Creek faced a catastrophic event known as a massive fish kill. This unfortunate occurrence resulted in the demise of over 160 species of fish, salamanders, and endangered mussels within the creek. The West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection determined that an algal bloom was the primary cause of this loss. The bloom is believed to have been triggered by high chloride and salt levels in the water. A Consol Energy mine discharge site on the creek is considered the most likely source of contamination. The Shannopin Mine in Dunkard Township, located in the Bobtown area, also discharges into Dunkard Creek. Since at least 2002, the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WV DEP) was aware of and under pressure from environmental groups to address high levels of chlorides and other contaminants in the Blacksville No. 2 outfall. However, despite this knowledge, the WV DEP failed to take any action against Consol Energy.
In March 2011, Consol Energy reached an agreement with the US EPA and the State of West Virginia regarding the damage caused to Dunkard Creek by high levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the discharge from their Blacksville No. 2 mine. As part of this settlement, Consol agreed to pay $5.5 million in civil penalties for pollution violations related to the 2009 fish kill. Additionally, the settlement outlined requirements for Consol to install a new, $200 million water treatment system to effectively control pollution discharges from its active and former mining operations in the area.
In July 2015, Consol Energy reached another settlement with the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. This settlement involved paying $2.5 million in damages to the Pennsylvania portion of Dunkard Creek. The commission intends to use this funds to restore the fish population in the creek and support recreational fishing and boating projects.
A stock certificate is issued by businesses, usually companies. A stock is part of the permanent finance of a business. Normally, they are never repaid, and the investor can recover his/her money only by selling to another investor. Most stocks, or also called shares, earn dividends, at the business's discretion, depending on how well it has traded. A stockholder or shareholder is a part-owner of the business that issued the stock certificates.
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